Religion as a Group Phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion as a Group Phenomenon - Essay Example So religion, in a sense, is depended upon certain social relation. Religion is a group phenomenon, which has grounds on sacredness. Religion is a sacred phenomenon followed by a group of people, unlike sect. Religion is a group phenomenon which comprises more than two persons who have constructed a certain pattern of sacred interaction. This group has common goals and is directed by shared norms and every member has a particular role to play, which functions collectively to form a religious system. The people in a religion share the same beliefs, values, norms, perspectives, technique and means to achieve their goals. 2. What is the church-sect theory? Church-sect theory is one of the significant middle-range theories that the sociology of religion can contribute to. Although the words â€Å"church† and â€Å"sect† are more mentioned by church historians, the real credit for its exploration can be offered to Max Weber. The church-sect theory has been greatly helpful in understanding the development of many twentieth century sects developed, including charismatic and Pentecostal groups. When defining the church-sect theory, it can be said that church is a religious group which embraces the social environment in which it exists. On the other hand, a sect denounces the social environment in which it is existent. Church is organization which has ancient investment and a complex infrastructure. As these churches mature, they become more centralized and tend to form a hierarchical administration that depends on professionals such as educated ministers and administrators who are specialized and theologians to supervise the religious activities. Although the term â€Å"sect† has played a role in both sociology and political arena at the hands of many theorists and sociologists, its primary connection has been with church sect. 3. How does one become religious? So far one of the best ways to turn religious is to be raised by a religious family. To b e born in a religious family is a safe way to become religious and also allows the fundamentalists and sects to remain in a confined boundary. However, many a times children are forced to follow a particular religion because their parents have chosen to have one. Until one individual is of mature age and has the capacity to think for oneself, his prospects of being religious are in a dwindling stage. Once people become adult, they have the understanding and right to choose whichever religion appeals to them. However, it may be rather difficult to convert a person who is not vulnerable in nature. The people normally become religious when they are convinced by the principles and laws of a particular religious .The conversion of religion in a person is changeable according to the personality of such person. When one individual identifies oneself with the ideology and principles of a religion, he gets convinced with the religion and gets involved with it. Being religious is only possibl e if one person has conditioning attitude as people who are obstinate hardly get influenced by the ideas and principles of a particular religion. 4. Why is there religious conflict? In order to perceive the religious conflict, one must primarily understand that every person has unique personality, experience and religious experience. When these complex personalities belonging to various geographic setting interact to evolve by religious standards, then they bring out different religion experience with social expressions. This feature of human beings is inevitable and this aspect is reflected in all the social relationships he is involved with. Since

To what extent do historians own history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

To what extent do historians own history - Essay Example While one may often mistakenly assume that history is actually in black and white, it is quite clear that when historians write down history, they do mainly according to the various social practices and policies of the country at the time (2002). It is often up to the historians to help in determining the extent to which history will ultimately be rewritten (Foner, 2002). Oscar Wilde is credited as having once said that the one duty of the persons that happen to own history is to ensure that they rewrite it. Arguably, it has been claimed that modern historians have undertaken to fulfilling this aspect of their work a little too well. This is exemplified by the fact that in the modern day society, there is a large number of people who as opposed to celebrating the rather exciting anniversary of Columbus’ discovery of the American continent, instead choose to mourn Columbus Day by choosing to remember it as a genocidal invasion of the continent by large numbers of White Europeans (Marsh 61). In contrast to the branding of murderer by some modern day historians, the popular perception of Columbus was quite different a hundred years ago when during the 400th celebration of Columbus’ arrival in the New World, Presid ent Benjamin Harrison paid tribute to Columbus and referred to his as the pioneer of both enlightenment and progression. In a similar vein, the American Indians who had previously been portrayed as being an extremely cruel and savage race, have now undergone a historical reprisal that has seen them often being pictured as being a being an extremely peaceful people that strive to live in constantly harmony with their natural environment. In light of this change in the manner in which the past is recounted, Foner (2002) points out that although historical truths do happen to exist, it is often seen that the most difficult

Criminal law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal law - Assignment Example Constitutional perception of due process is particular in the law of criminal procedure because of various reasons. This is because the procedures followed lead to revelation of the proper ways of handling a certain case. Therefore, the procedures ensure that the lawyer handling a particular case follows the required guidelines for a certain case. These guidelines are actually the constitutional procedures pertaining to the dos and dons of imposing judgment for a case. The law of criminal procedure becomes easy to handle when the lawyer evaluates the process viable for a case. The three branches come from the legislature, the executive and the judiciary (Scheb, 758). The legislature concerns itself with the activities of Policing. The executive concerns itself with the duty of investigation whereas legislature carries out law enforcement investigation. These examples entail the origin of the three branches of criminal law. Grand jury and Trial juries comprise of lawyers who are qualified enough to handle the functions bestowed to the jury (Scheb, 758). Grand Jury carries out the function of investigating whether a certain case has enough evidence. The trial jury is bestowed with the function of ensuring that the right verdict for a certain case. It ensures that justice is paramount in deciding on the right penalties for a

Practical Interaction Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Practical Interaction Design - Essay Example 18). HCI is a tool-rich methodological system that provides practicality to most of the established paradigms of artistic and aesthetic studies involving interaction design in its purest sense. Physical interaction design is based on PID. It focuses more on the PID elements such as ideation and familiarity, encompassing the techniques of voice based and/or tools based conversations. Physical interaction design studies are aimed to address the issues which call for usage of some physical form and material contour. These are explicit, objective gadgets which can facilitate or mediate an interaction process. A physical interaction designer must be sensitive towards the usefulness or playfulness of the objects whose physical forms can be used to interpret human gestures. For example, students in Carnegie Mellon and Victoria University of Wellington have created gadgets of paper having objective shape, size and appearance. The gadgets have been built in such a way that they can illustrate the amalgamation of technological knowledge and emotional quotient (see Figure – 1). These gadgets (which are supplied with specialised electronic effectors and receptors) can be programmed to respond towards sound, light, Internet chatting, users’ commands, etc. The responses are expressed as motions. (Baskinger and Gross, 2010) Figure – 1: Designs adaptable with users’ gestures (Baskinger and Gross, 2010, p. 9) Advantages of Physical Interaction Physical interaction design is based on models and gadgets that can respond to the user’s physical gestures. Physical gestures can engage the whole body of the user. Hence, interactive platforms involving physical gestures can be pleasing and interesting. Physical interaction, when synchronised with biometrics and electronics, can help the designers to innovate intelligent exercising machines for enhanced biomedical/biomechanical usage. (Norman, 2010) If aspectual paradigms of physical interactions are e xplored, we can take numerous ideas from existing machines and gadgets. These ideas can be interpreted with more stress on interactivity and uniqueness of design. In 2009, Sobolewska, Smith and Turner partook in a survey-cum-experiment involving a diverse group of students (most of them had undergraduate computing degrees). Each of them was given the task of describing an electronic gadget of his/her choice. In the course of this research, one of the students described a K10D midsized digital SLR as â€Å"very solid† (Sobolewska, Smith and Turner, 2009, p. 95), in which all the openings are sealed to protect the gadget from temperature, dust, etc. Importantly, â€Å"The camera has a large right hand grip, so it’s easy to hold† (Sobolewska, Smith and Turner, 2009, p. 95). This is how the basic paradigm of physical interaction design evolves: The gadget must be made not only easy but also pleasurable and comfortable to handle. Figure – 2: The large right ha nd grip of a K10D digital SLR camera (Adapted from Letsgodigital.org, 2012) Contextually, Baskinger and Gross (2010, p. 9) have illustrated the example of â€Å"Hit Me Interactive† lighting device in their research. This model lamp with LED display instantaneously responds to touch and gestures of hands and fingers (Figure – 3). This sort of gadgets can be used to manufacture convenient and high speed signalling systems. Figure – 3: The Hit Me Interactive device that can be used

The Emphasis Of English Perfect Tenses In Academic Writing Essay - 1

The Emphasis Of English Perfect Tenses In Academic Writing - Essay Example Simple present conveys what is happening nowadays only. Simple future would give an expectation of something that is going to happen in the future at once. Basically, all of the simple tenses tell about something would happen one time either in the past, present, or future. (Azar, B., 2002) Past, present, and future perfect tenses give the action a long time of occurrence. Consequently, they give they action completion of the proceeding. Present perfect expresses an action that happened in the past and something still present of it nowadays. Past perfect couriers when the action happened in the far past and somewhat from that action stayed until the near past. Finally, future perfect articulates the action in the future and states something that will stay further as caused by the action. Overall, perfect tenses have two points that give the action completion of the proceeding. ( Azar, B., 2002) Recently, studies argue that the simple past should be used instead of the perfect tense in Media, the use of Perfect tense in police reporting media case was subject to objection as was thought to be inappropriate. (Ritz, M A., 2010) The objection over the use of present tense is of standard and non-standard English. Different websites and different writers wrote about the situation in the same content, but strangely not provided evidence for how the use of present tense is not valid according to the linguistic rules. The reporting should be evident and should have a straight approach, the argument described in the perfect tenses are not evident and evoke predictions, which is why termed as non-standard. But for the better knowing it is not necessary for the perfect tense to be unbounded only. The perfect tenses are not only progressive but can be bounded while being continuous; it entirely depends on the use made.

Trade and the Multinational Enterprise Coursework - 4

Trade and the Multinational Enterprise - Coursework Example Market size and economic stability are found to be main motivations for investment. The findings provide an opportunity for justification of the study hypotheses as well as future recommendations. The case study given is the German FDI in China. China is the third leading country beneficiary of the Foreign Direct Investment. In 2003-2004, the country realized the highest investment with Germany been one the countries that invested greatly in China. Since then, the trade ties between the two countries have steadily been increasing. Currently, there are more than 1500 Germany firms that have invested in China. In point of fact, Germany is the leading European country trading partner with China. Research conducted by scholars Bernard and Jensen in 2002 showed that there were approximately $ 51.7 billion of FDI in China. In 2003, foreign investment increased up to $ 53 billion (China Statistics, 2007). The country attracted $ 61 billion in 2004. From the statistics, it can be seen that the FDI index has been increasingly drastically. Furthermore, the FDI index was ranked the top position. A study conducted by the Financial Times noted that in developing states, the Republic of Ch ina is the largest foreign direct investment beneficiary country. The research explores the OLI paradigm in the context of German FDI in China. OLI is an abbreviation for Ownership, Location, and Internalization (Agarwal, Gubitz & Nunnenkamp, 2006). The three are prime bases that underlie an enterprise’s decision to grow in a multinational company. In the context of this paper, ownership advantages help addresses the subject of why some companies go abroad and not others. Location advantages answers the question of which is the most appropriate location to establish a firm in a foreign country. Lastly, internalization focuses on the influences of a firm’s operation in

The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Essay Example for Free

The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Essay During our experiment, it became clear that there were a variety of errors due to procedure that has culminated in anomalous results producing an inaccurate Kc value. There are two main sources of inaccuracies; systematic errors and equipment errors. The main sources of systematic errors were:  ( i ) The amount of phenolphthalein added to the solutions  ( ii ) The difficulty in judging the exact point of colour change from colourless to pink during the titration. ( iii ) The difference in judging where the bottom of the meniscus is.   The systematic errors are non-quantitative; therefore it is impossible to predict the effect of the errors mathematically. But, due to the repetition of the titration, we are increasing the precision of our results, thereby decreasing the event of an error being produced. Therefore the systematic errors have a relatively insignificant role in our errors.  The experimental errors were a result of the inaccuracies from the equipment:  ( i ) The burette has an inaccuracy of +/-0.05cm3, thus resulting in a cumulative error of 0.1cm3 and the pipette had an error of +/- 0.1cm3. ( ii ) Minor inaccuracy from the 100cm3 standardizing flask.  As the results of the experimental errors produced quantitative errors, it is possible to work out the results in account with the percentage of errors due to the equipment. The calculation has been shown on the analysis sheet. The error due to the burette was (0.05/16.8) x 100 = 0.3%, and the error due to the pipette was (0.1/1) x 100 = 10%. Therefore, the total error due to equipment was 10.3%, ignoring the inaccuracy due to the standardizing flask as it is so small it can be ignored. Another large source have error cannot have been foreseen. We based our experiment on the fact that the solutions we were given were in equilibrium, but we cannot be sure that this is true. Although the solution were left for a week, to make sure that our solutions were in equilibrium, we could leave the solution for a longer period of time to improve the likeliness of an equilibrium being maintained. As my results can prove, the precision was very good as my results were close together, but my value of Kc was almost 30% of the data book value of 4.0 for this reaction. As a class, all the solutions should have produced the same Kc value, therefore having the class averages for all the solutions can allow me to analyse the accuracy of my results in comparison to the other experiments: Kc Averages for experiment:  1. 3.49 no units  2. 1.28 no units  3. 4.11 no units  4. 2.55 no units  The overall average for the Kc is ( 3.49 + 1.28 + 4.11 + 2.55 ) / 4 = 2.86 no units. Therefore, as my result for the Kc was 2.82 (no units), with respect to the class, my results were very accurate. Unfortunately with respect to the actual data book value of 4, my experimental error was off by 30% resulting in a fairly inaccurate real result.