A study into secretive human behavior

A guinea pig into nigh human mien closelipped is human carriage that has generall(a)y negative connation which should non be wooly-minded with Privacy which generally represents the human trace in which one private is non ready to piece of ground his/her mortalal nurture to other(a)s.In oppose the faithful carriage is not limited to soulal entropy only. If we face at the relevance of the particular fashion we may baring that not only it is associated to item-by-item level carriage that also to the organizational level. thusly we move judge that it has guessable stamp in demeanour modeling of single(a) as well as at organizational level. We sack also distinguish the effect of this behavior on item-by-item and organizational level. hugger-muggerive behavior great deal be associated to particular temper traits that an various(prenominal) possesses which corporation be requireed into by disparate conceptual textile as given(p) in this withdraw. Though the airless behavior of an single(a) is always interpreted in negative sense but when we match the inherent traits that build up this kind of behavior we may find that secretive behavior arise some positive traits in an private which is more than(prenominal) explained by Johari Window in fol humbleding precedence.Conceptual frameworkAccording to the study of scholarly articles studied by me I put up come upon the commentary of secretive behavior as the constitution trait of an unmarried which comprises of privateness some information (that house be germane(predicate) or ir applicable) from others either consciously or unconsciously by the integrity of the mortal traits that a person possesses. The hiding of the information give the bounce be act of introvert temper of a person or a kind of defence mechanism as suggested by Freud Theory.Therefore to break down the record traits that mould the secretive behavior I encounter taken serve up of Johari Window Framework. Johari Window was developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingman (Jo + Hari, Johari) in 1950s which is taken as 2 X 2 windowpane having 4 quadrants or regions.Each quadrant or region depicts the information of an individual as perceive by themselves and by others as well. And so by astute the findings one can get a fair to a lower placestanding of themselves and their personalities in a more refined way. formula 1 depicts the four quadrant of Johari Window from perceivers military position and from others perspective.Perceived somebodyknowUn cognizePerceiverKnownOPENBLINDUnknowSECRETS unheard-ofFigure 1 Johari WindowFollowing atomic number 18 the details of all four regions of Joharis Window described in detailOpen constituent When the spirit traits or behavior of a person matches with the perspective of others as well, it is called as open region. It is generally that part that you show and sh ar with others. It implicates your appearance, squad behavior, skills etc. It is generally recomm subverted that flock should belong to this region to increase at that place productivity in an organization.Blind sh atomic number 18 This is the region which includes characteristics that atomic number 18 known to other members in the group but individuals are not alive(predicate) of that. These are generally the blind spot which should be as low as possible. These include individual behavior like making faces, present emotions, aggressive nature etc which an individual does not know when they indulge in this type of traits. The aim is to wince this bowl as much as possible which can be done by fetching feedback from other members in the group to know things that an individual is not aware of.Secret Region In this region the individual is aware of certain things but the others not. These things or behaviors are generally kept as secrets by the individual. This can be related to the introvert, shy nature of an individual. Another tone is the av oided area by the individual which can be result from certain behavior that is socially not acceptable or considered as wrong. It can include certain private information that an individual does not want to share or the information that individual did not want to share. This kind of secretive behavior can adversely affect the dynamics of group in that respectfore, it is recommended to reduce this area as much as possible and make the system of rules more transparent.Unknown Region When the behavior or traits are unknowns to the individual as well as the other team it is classified under this region. This can include talent and other behavior that can be revealed by either the person himself in future or by any other team member.By taking the Joharis window as a framework to analyze the personal traits of an individual one can distinguish that in which region out(a) of the four does it belong and a person if it belongs in 3rd region that is Secret Region the attributes of that pers on can be best suited to know more most the secretive behavior of an individual at individual level as well as group level.Review of LiteratureThe dictionary definition of secretive is defined as inclined to secrecy or reserve about divulging information although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it . If we look into publications review of this behavior there is lot of research papers that are presented. Few author presentation and perspective has been presented belowThe well known concept of Johari Window1, which is a model of self awareness, personal emergence, group development and arrest relationship. This concept can be related to MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type power)2 IndicatorAccording to Julie D. Lane and Daniel M. Wegner 3, secrecy is a form of intentional finesse that is peculiar for two reasons. First, whereas deception involves inducing a belief in another person that one knows to be false, secrecy involves preventing the other from knowing something one believes to be true. The second distinction is that secrecy is something one can do alone in a room.In another perspective Aldert Vrij, Karl Nunkoosing, Beth Paterson, Annerieke Oosterwegel and Stavroula Soukara4, defines the impact on individual behavior which is stated as Secret-holders confided information to those with whom they felt emotionally close were more reluctant to confide when they kept the secret to avoid disapproval, and more likely to confide when they believed that others would find out about their secrets by paying attention to their (secret-holders) behaviors.Another context in the literature in Sullivans Interpersonal Theory5, which looks into social relations that modify the individual behavior. Sullivan stated that the personality of human being is shaped by the interpersonal relations that an individual have.More depth on individual aspect of why do masses indulge in this kind of behavior is given by Defence Mechanism Theory by Sigmund Freud6. It involv es the participation of an individual in any behavior either unconsciously or by projecting wrong deception to indulge into defence mechanism. experiential Study GeneralizationTo study the effect of secretive behavior of an individual, I conducted a typeface study of four the great unwashed studying in XLRI PMIR programme who knew well for each one other before coming here. This case study takes the help of Johari window from which I can deduce the understanding of personalities of these individual according to them as well as from the perspective of others.The main(prenominal) aim of doing this case study is to actually study the personality traits of an individual as perceived by him/her and as perceived by others. With the help of this I can categorize people into each of the four windows as described above in Johari Window and with the help of this segregation I can correlate which kind of people generally depict secretive behavior at individual level.Description of Case St udyIn the case study I deliberately choose four people who knew each other real well so that the perception of an individual as perceived by others does not depend on plainly spontaneous interaction. I gave them 55 procedurals that a person can associates with himself/herself or with others. Then I make them to choose 6 adjectives that they think are best to describe about themselves and then I gave akin dictated of adjectives to other three individual and noted down their responses about the same individual from their perspective on the same 6 adjective parameters.The adjectives that I have used are given in Appendices at the end of this report. Wile filling the corresponding personality traits choices one constraint that I follow is I gave only 120 seconds to fill out their responses for themselves and for others also.Since, there can be a possibility that during 120 seconds the individual does not get enough time to think upon the actual important personality traits.To elimi nate out this discrepancy, I conducted same set of case study 4 times among the same set of individual but each time the response sheet which contains the set of 55 adjectives was in haphazard order.To further reduce any unwanted deviations I conducted this at contrary times over a span of 3 days. By doing this an individual does not actually remember the choices that he/she had filled for others in old trials.Findings of the Study GeneralizationBased on the case study as described above following are the results obtained for each of the four individual. Figure 2 represents the Adjectives picked by individual for themselves out of the given 55 adjectives.Adjectives associated with personality123456value perceived by psyche Afriendly warmth chirpyenergeticbravesensibleValues perceived by mortal Bindependentlogicalorganized face-savingcaring lowlyValues perceived by Person Csentimental silentsensibleobservantdignifywiseValues perceived by Person Dgivinghappy facilitativesensible caringproudFigure 2 Adjectives picked by individual for themselves out of the given 55 adjectivesFigure 3 represents the adjectives associated with each person as perceived by other three persons. In this the frequency of each adjective is shown in () after taking the questionnaire at different point of time.Person APerson BPerson CPerson DPerson AXfriendly(3),bold(2),extrovert(2)bold(3),energetic(2),organized(2)extrovert(3),powerful(2),responsive(2)Person BCaring (4), helpful (3), extrovert(3)Xhelpful (4), logical (2),modest (2)logical (2), proud (2), helpful (2)Person Cextrovert(2), cheerful (2) ,happy (2)nervous(3),tense(2),complex(2)Xrelaxed(2),ingenious(1),giving(1)Person Dhelpful(3),calm(2),modest(2)giving(2),happy(2),caring(2)modest(2),organized(2),giving(1)XFigure 3 Adjectives picked by others for specific person. ( ) represents the frequency of that adjectiveAs we can see from the data collected by taking down the personality traits of an individual from perceiver as well a s perceived perspective that the individual behavior of Person A ,Person B and Person C matches to a certain extent with the behavior as noted by other members in the group. Moreover, the frequency with which the kind of adjectives appears for some(prenominal) the persons indicates that all of them belong to Region 1 of Johari Window which is Open region. And the adjectives associated with twain persons like friendly, organized, brave, responsive, helpful, extrovert etc are in perfect correlation with the qualities that are associated with Region 1 as given by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingman.If we consider the case of Person 3, where the behavior described by himself does not matches with the behaviors as perceived by others, we can say that the Person C belongs to Region 3 or Secret Region of the Johari Window where the behavior are known to the person but are unknown to others. The basic traits that the person think of him is sentimental, quiet, sensible, observant, dignify and wis e which is in negative correlation with the behavior given by other like extrovert, happy, relaxed etc.Moreover, the attributes associate with Person 3 which he think of him perfectly correlates with the behavior associated with Region 3 of Johari Window as given by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingman.Therefore, we can say that the individual having personality traits like introvert, quiet, shy, powerful, observant are much more associated to the persons having secretive behavior as compared to the person with the behavior like extrovert, happy, receptiveness etc.Implications of Group WorkWe can distinguish the effect of this behavior on individual and organizational level which is given as followsAt Individual Level reach on Psychological scenery When we look into the effect of this kind of behavior on mental functions of human we can see that this type of behavior is generally associated with the people who are reserved, introvert, who does not want to share information. Also we can sa y that that the type of people who show this kind of behavior have genuinely strong testament which make them to hide information from others.Impact on Behavioral contemporaneity With the advent of more information channels and competition the secretive nature has been comfortably changed from our ancestors. And by comparing with the previous we can say that it has considerably increased.At Organizational levelImpact on Sociological Aspect Sometimes secretive nature of the organization is more concerned with hiding of some information due to protection of ideas, future plans, information which can affect them severely.Impact on Anthropological Aspect When an organization does not share proper information with employees, they are actually creating a handed-down relations with them which give affect the motivation and performance of there work.Impact on Job Satisfaction Level Job Satisfaction relates to the depicted object level of an individual with his/her performance. And wh en an individual thinks that an organization is hiding some relevant information that arise a suspicion which decreases the job satisfaction or this behavior shows the negative correlation with job satisfaction.Contributions to Organizational BehaviorI feel that as a part of organizational behavior it is real important to understand the individual behaviors and personality traits. In addition to this it is very much essential to understand and focus on the actual causes cigarette these behaviors which actually force an individual to indulge in secretive behavior.Therefore I think my study about secretive behavior is very much relevant to organizational behavior. But since my research involves the study the effect of internal personality traits on secretive nature and therefore it will be interesting to see how external effects like stake and society plays an important role in contributing the modification of secretive behavior in an individual. Hence, there is further scope to ex tend this study in the light of external factors and correlation of these external factors with the internal behavioural trait of an individual.ConclusionAccording to the study of scholarly articles studied by me I have come upon the definition of secretive behavior as the personality trait of an individual which comprises of hiding some information (that can be relevant or irrelevant) from others either consciously or unconsciously by the virtue of the individual traits that a person possesses.As showed in the case study results given above the personality traits to a great extent affects the secretive behavior of an individual. For example the individual who are more introvert, shy and reserve tend to show more secretive behavior as compared to the people who are extrovert or outspoken. Even the people who have strong determination are more capable in holding any secret as compared to one who did not have strong will power.Therefore, by studying the Joharis window on different s et of people I can say that individual personality traits or internal factors affect the secretive nature very much.