Identification of Bacillus Coagulans from Agricultural Soil

Identification of Bacillus Coagulans from Agricultural territoryIntroductionSoil is a greens substance that is found almost everywhere in the world and is home to a diverse community of microorganisms, especially for bacteria. bacteria argon so common in blemish that come up filth can be home to 108 to 109 bacterial cells per gram of dry soil (Prescott et al., 1999). This quantity of bacterium in soil, however, decreases deeper into the sub bob up of the soil. there are venial vari magnates in bacterial quantity in subsurface layers, but the surface layer is always the most numerous in quantity (Weaver et al., 1994). This is because these bacteria prefer the low-toneder soil pores (2 to 6 m in diameter) that are to a greater extent commonly found in surface soil. This is likely a method to avoid being eaten by protozoa (Prescott et al., 1999). As small soil pores are common habitats for bacterium, and soils contain higher concentrations of CO2 and CO, with decline conce ntrations of O2, many of these bacteria have developed the ability to grow in microaerobic or anaerobic conditions (Prescott et al., 1999).Although bacterial quantity is plentiful in the surface layers, it is common to find relatively few bacteria of the same species. Rather, there is much variation in the species of bacterium cohabitating in these soil layers (Weaver et al., 1994). As a diversity of bacteria brings a diversity of metabolic pathways and whole nearly fixation, this evinces beneficial for plants and insects that live in the soil and rely upon the nutrients produced by these bacteria (Weaver et al., 1994).Through closing off, culturing, and examen of agricultural soil bacterium, this lab attempted to insulate and identify a single species of bacterium from agricultural soil.MethodsA 10-2 dilution in distilled water was created using 1 g of agricultural soil. From this dilution, a TSA running play plate was made and incubated at 22C for 48 hours and and hence ch illed at 4C until pass on analysis could be pre random variableed (Egger 2010).From this bar plate, a single culture was chosen to be sub-cultured on a TSA streak plate and was incubated as above. This culture was similarly gram varnished and discover under microscope. The bacterial cell dimensions were calculated and cell trope and arrangement were recorded.The bacterial subculture was then observed for colony morphology. Individual cells were then tested for starch hydrolysis, H2S step-down and motility, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, oxygen tolerance, and for catalase production (Egger 2010).Further testing was then performed to determine best evolution temperature, osmotic insistence, and pH. Temperature testing was do at 4, 22, 37, and 50C osmotic pressure testing through with(p) at 0, 0.5, 2, and 5% NaCl and pH testing was done at pH 3, 5, 7, and 9 (Egger 2010).Data from tests were pooled and used to determine the possible identity of the dark cult ure.ResultsThe streak plate of dilute agricultural soil revealed a erect quantity of disparate bacterial colonies varying in colour, shape, size, texture, and elevation. After isolation of a single bacterial culture, there was little to no variation in these characteristics.This single bacterial culture revealed a circular form with a flat elevation and a rough texture. The colour was observed to be clear to white in colour and translucent in appearance.Further observation under microscope revealed staphylobacillus approximately 40 m in length.Gram stain and testing for starch hydrolysis, and nitrification all turned taboo positive, while testing for H2S reduction, motility, ammonification, and denitrification all proved negative, which is further outlined in Table 1.This bacterium was then determined to be a facultative anaerobe with an optimal temperature of 37C, optimal pH of 7, and optimal osmotic pressure of 0.5% NaCl. It was also observed that there was little ontogenesis at 5% NaCl and rational growth at pH 5.DiscussionAs the bacterium isolated in this experiment was rod shaped, gram positive, and catalase producing, it is likely that this particular proposition bacterium be pertinaciouss to the genus Bacillus (Butler 1986). Determination of the specific species of Bacillus proved more difficult.As this bacterium was able to hydrolyse starch, was a facultative anaerobe, had an optimal growth temperature around 37C, and an optimal pH around 7, the possibilities were contract to either Bacillus coagulans or Bacillus licheniformis (Butler 1986). Although B. licheniformis is common to most ground soils, there proved to be a few common factors that back up the greater plausibility of this specific bacterium to be B. coagulans. The isolated bacterium was unable to reduce process to nitrite and was unable to grow significantly in a NaCl medium of 5%. As B. licheniformis is capable of reduction of nitrate to nitrite and growth in 5% NaCl medium, it is unlikely that this little-known bacterium was B. licheniformis (Butler 1986). It was also noted that the unknown bacterium was capable of growth at pH 5, which is a characteristic of B. coagulans (Butler 1986). Specifically, B. coagulans has been recorded as having an optimal pH of 6 and a minimum of 4.0-5.0 depending on specific strains (Butler 1986).In order to further verify that the unknown bacterium was B. coagulans, it would have been beneficial to test the bacteriums ability to hydrolyse casein and gelatine as B. coagulans cannot hydrolyse casein and gelatine while B. licheniformis can. It would also have been beneficial to further investigate growth in 7% and 10% NaCl to further verify the identity of B. coagulans if growth did not occur.Unfortunately, not all tests that were performed were useful in the identification of the specific species of the unknown bacterium. The tests were useful, however, in determining genus. As the genus Bacillus was reasonably round-eyed to identify based on the rod shaped bacterium and catalase production, some of the tests, such as the test for H2S reduction were not as useful as others, such as the test for catalase production.If the unknown bacterium did prove to be B. coagulans, this would be an uncommon isolation as B. coagulans is not common in soil (Butler 1986). For this reason, there is little information recorded on B. coagulans ecological role in soil. It would be advised that further probe into the ecological role of B. coagulans should be performed as, although uncommon, B. coagulans is still a soil bacterium and must therefore play an ecological role in soil. It whitethorn also be beneficial to further investigate B. coagulans as it is a common additive in medicated creams and antacids (Butler 1986). This is because of the possible pro-biotic upbeats of B. coagulans in the gastrointestinal tract, although these benefit claims have been questioned as to their validity in recent years (De Vecchi and Drag o 2006). thither has also been a recent study that suggests that application of B. coagulans to arthritic joints may cause a decrease in pain and a reduction in disability of these joints. Although, these are preliminary studies, and the function of this pain succour is unknown, there is significant reason to peruse B. coagulans as a give-and-take for rheumatoid arthritis (Mandel et al. 2010).Although the unknown bacterium is likely B. coagulans there were possible sources of error. A major source of error could have come from the gram staining process. There was a possibility that the stain was not rinsed with ethanol for long enough, which would have caused retention of the dye in the cell wall of the unknown bacterium. This would have lead to a false positive for gram staining. If this was aline and the unknown bacterium was gram negative, this would indicate a possibly contrastive genus and definitely different species.Although errors could have lead to misidentification of the unknown bacterium, based on the data collected, it is most likely that the unknown bacterium isolated was B. coagulans. There was no reason to believe that the isolated colony was contaminated with different species of bacteria, and testing lead to a conclusive identification of the unknown bacterium. From this it is reasonable to say that the objectives of this experiment were met.