The Nature of Child Development Essay -- Human Development

Human maturation has been a subject of interest since old-fashioned Greece and Rome. Different approaches derive from two basic directions the nativists and empiricists ones. The latter method is to attachment tender-hearted development as a gradual change which has been influenced by the item-by-items experience .On the other hand, the former approach has lay out its roots in the biological structure of the human organism which considers our development as a series of stages. However, referring to human development only as continuous or gradual would produce inconsistent and insufficient sagaciousness of the developmental process .As a result, combining ideas of both viewpoints(continuity and phases) will depict a more explicit of understanding of the developmental processes and their final depend which is to create individuals integrity within the social norms. jean Piaget(1929), widely known as one of the pioneers in investigating baby development, has developed his the ory on the basis of cognitive stages. He presents quad aspects of the child s concept formation sensorimotor ,pre operable, concrete operational and formal operational. All of these stages suggest the emergence of development precedes the ability to learn. Moreover, It is emphasize on the intellectual development regardless of the cultural influences and specific individual differences. Therefore, human cognitive development is regarded as universal for all human species. On the one hand, Piaget sees the human internal conception in interaction with external world messages conveyed. On the other hand, a childs ability to perceive cognitive information in an effective track is not clearly defined. Resulting from this, old experiences receive new names. According to Piaget th... ...Tavistok Publishers. Vygotsky L.S. (1978), mechanism and Symbol in child development(p.19-31),Problems of method(p.58-79),Interaction between learning and development(p.79-92).In Mind in society the developmental of higher psychological processes. Harvard university Press , Cambridge, Massachusetts, LondonSandstrom C.I.(1966).The psychology of childhood and adolescence. Methuen and Co Ltd, London Erikson E. H. (1965) Eight ages of man(p.239-261),The theory of infantile sexuality(p.43-91) In Childhood and societyPiaget J.(1929) Problems and Methods(p.1-33),The notion of thought(p.33-61),The concept of Life(p.194-206),The origin of the sunlight and moon(p.256-270)In Childs conceptions of the world. Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd, London Jerome S. B. , Goodnow J. J. and Austin G.A. (1967) Overview ( p.231-247)In A study of thinking . John Wiley and Sons Ltd, USA